As temperatures rise, so does the risk of heatstroke, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can affect both cats and dogs.
Many pet owners assume heat-related illnesses only occur during extreme heat waves, but pets can struggle to adjust even when temperatures increase from the mid-60s into the 70s. Just like people, animals need time to acclimate to warmer weather, and some pets are especially vulnerable.
Cats and dogs can overheat quickly
Unlike humans, cats and dogs cannot cool themselves efficiently through sweating. While they do have a few sweat glands in their paw pads and around their noses, our pets primarily rely on panting and other external cooling methods to regulate their body temperature.
Some pets are at greater risk of overheating, including:
- Flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds such as pugs, English bulldogs, French bulldogs, Persian cats, and Himalayan cats
- Senior pets
- Overweight pets
- Pets with heart disease or other underlying health conditions
Because flat-faced breeds have shortened airways, panting is less effective at cooling them down. As a result, they can develop heatstroke more quickly, even at temperatures that may not seem dangerously hot.
Signs of heatstroke in pets
Heatstroke can progress rapidly. If you notice any of the following symptoms, take action immediately:
- Excessive panting
- Heavy drooling or salivation
- Agitation or restlessness
- Bright red, pale, or abnormal-looking gums
- Bright red tongue
- Increased heart rate
- Difficulty breathing
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Dizziness or staggering
- Lethargy or weakness
- Muscle tremors
- Seizures
- Collapsing
How to prevent heatstroke
The best way to protect your pet is to avoid situations that can lead to overheating.
When exercising your pet
- Schedule longer walks during the early morning or late evening.
- Avoid exercise during the hottest parts of the day.
- Watch for signs that your pet is becoming overheated and stop activity immediately if they appear distressed.
When outdoors
- Provide access to shade at all times.
- Avoid hot pavement, asphalt, concrete, sand, and other surfaces that absorb and reflect heat.
- Bring plenty of fresh, clean drinking water.
At home and on the go
- Ensure your pet has access to a cool, well-ventilated space.
- Never leave your pet unattended in a vehicle. Even on relatively mild days, temperatures inside a car can quickly become fatal.
- Consider cooling products such as cooling mats, collars, vests, or bandanas to help your pet stay comfortable.
What to do if you suspect heatstroke
Heatstroke is a medical emergency. If you think your pet may be overheating, contact your veterinarian immediately. While seeking veterinary care, you can begin cooling your pet by:
- Moving them out of the sun and into a cool, shaded, or air-conditioned area.
- Applying tepid or cool water to their body (avoid ice-cold water or ice, as this may worsen the problem).
- Using a damp towel for them to lie on.
- Wetting down the surrounding area to help lower the ambient temperature.
When to seek veterinary care
Even if your pet appears to recover after cooling down, they should still be evaluated by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Heatstroke can cause serious internal damage that may not be immediately visible.
Summer adventures can be fun for both you and your pet. By taking a few simple precautions and recognizing the warning signs of heatstroke, you can help keep your best friend safe all season long.